“How to Stay Young and Fit No Matter How Old You Get: Anti-Aging Secrets” by Sharon J. Scott

The fact that everyone is afraid of aging comes as no surprise. But, sometimes, aging has nothing to do with feeling old and acting as if you were old. Life and different troubles or dissatisfactions can make someone feel old when, in fact, physically and mentally they are perfectly young. They may have all the reasons to enjoy life, but, somehow, they don’t see this. Sharon J. Scott’s guide, “How to Stay Young and Fit No Matter How Old You Get: Anti-Aging Secrets”, is the perfect read for anyone who feels tired and unhappy because they believe they are too old to feel otherwise. Even though this book is aimed at readers over 40, it can be useful to anyone, regardless of age.

In writing this book, the author adopted a unique perspective on things: the truth is that all people are young, they just need to be reminded of it. So, Sharon J. Scott’s guide isn’t trying to teach readers what they need to do in order to start feeling young again, but it’s actually trying to show them that they have always been young, and most of the aging process is something that is only happening because they allow it to happen. The book isn’t trying to fix the problem of growing old, because that would mean the readers need to accept this as a fact and then try to deal with it. Rather, what it is trying to do is convince people that age isn’t a problem, and all they need to do is improve their lifestyle, eating habits, and way of thinking in order to see that.

“How to Stay Young and Fit No Matter How Old You Get: Anti-Aging Secrets” discusses all the aspects people should be aware of when it comes to the aging process and what they can do to slow it down. Actually, the first thing the author does is to dedicate an entire chapter to explaining what the aging process truly is and how it should be understood. Then, the next chapters deal with wellness, attitude, emotional health, how to stay spiritually young, and also discuss the problems of stress, nutrition and physical exercise.

One of the best things about this book is that it teaches readers they should never look for easy methods that promise youth, beauty, and energy. They need to understand that pills and expensive cosmetic treatments are not the solution. It all comes from within. It’s all about how you choose to think and feel, and these two can be educated through the tips and techniques Sharon J. Scott offers in this amazing guide.

Find it on Amazon.

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Chocolate could prevent obesity and diabetes, study suggests

More than a third of US adults are obese and are, therefore, at higher risk of type 2 diabetes. But new research suggests a surprising prevention strategy for both conditions - eating chocolate.

In a mouse study, led by Andrew P. Neilson of the Department of Food Science and Technology at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, researchers discovered that a certain antioxidant in cocoa - the main ingredient in chocolate - prevented mice from gaining weight and lowered their blood sugar levels.

This is not the only study to suggest that consuming chocolate can prevent such health conditions.

Earlier this year, Medical News Today reported on a study claiming that chocolate, as well as wine and berries, protects against type 2 diabetes, while other research found that teens who eat lots of chocolate tend to be slimmer.

Such studies claim that the reason chocolate may have these health benefits is because of the flavanols it contains. These are types of antioxidants.

But the researchers of this most recent study say that not all flavanols are the same. In fact, cocoa has several different types.
Dark chocolate
Good news for chocolate lovers: a certain flavanol in cocoa may help prevent obesity and type 2 diabetes.

In their study, published in the Journal of Agricultural Food and Chemistry, the investigators set out to determine exactly which flavanol may be responsible for preventing weight gain and lowering blood glucose levels.

For the research, the investigators assigned mice to one of six different diets for 12 weeks.

These consisted of high- and low-fat diets, and high-fat diets supplemented with either monomeric, oligomeric or polymeric procyandins (PCs) - types of flavanols. Mice were given 25 milligrams of these flavanols each day for every kilogram of their body weight (25 mg/kg).
Oligomeric procyandins most effective

The research team found that a high-fat diet supplemented with oligomeric PCs was the most effective for maintaining weight of the mice and improving glucose tolerance - a factor that could help prevent type 2 diabetes.

Commenting on the findings, the researchers say:

    "Oligomeric PCs appear to possess the greatest antiobesity and antidiabetic bioactivities of the flavanols in cocoa, particularly at the low doses employed for the present study.

    Additional studies of prolonged feeding of flavanol fractions in vivo are needed to further identify the fractions with the highest bioactivities and, therefore, the greatest potential for translation to human clinical applications at reasonable doses."

The investigators point out that the doses of flavanols used in this study are significantly lower than doses used in past research and are more feasible when translated into flavanol levels for human consumption.

"Therefore, our data suggest that moderate doses of cocoa flavanols or cocoa powder have the potential to be more effective in human clinical trials than previously thought," they add.

According to previous research, the health benefits of chocolate may reach further than decreasing the likelihood of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Medical News Today recently reported on a study claiming that eating 70 g of dark chocolate every day could reduce the risk of atherosclerosis - the thickening and hardening of the arteries.

But interestingly, this study did not attribute this benefit to the flavanols that chocolate contains. Study participants ate either regular dark chocolate or chocolate with added flavanols. Both types of chocolate had the same effect.

"We provide a more complete picture of the impact of chocolate consumption in vascular health and show that increasing flavanol content has no added beneficial effect on vascular health," says study researcher Prof. Diederik Esser, of the Top Institute Food and Nutrition and the Division of Human Nutrition at Wageningen University, both in the Netherlands.

Other research claims that hot chocolate could help prevent memory decline. Again, the researchers say this finding was not down to flavanols.

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Morning rays keep off pounds

A surprising new strategy for managing your weight? Bright morning light.

A new Northwestern Medicine® study reports the timing, intensity and duration of your light exposure during the day is linked to your weight -- the first time this has been shown.

People who had most of their daily exposure to even moderately bright light in the morning had a significantly lower body mass index (BMI) than those who had most of their light exposure later in the day, the study found. (BMI is a ratio calculated from a person's weight and height.)

"The earlier this light exposure occurred during the day, the lower individuals' body mass index," said co-lead author Kathryn Reid, research associate professor of neurology at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. "The later the hour of moderately bright light exposure, the higher a person's BMI."

The influence of morning light exposure on body weight was independent of an individual's physical activity level, caloric intake, sleep timing, age or season. It accounted for about 20 percent of a person's BMI.

"Light is the most potent agent to synchronize your internal body clock that regulates circadian rhythms, which in turn also regulate energy balance," said study senior author Phyllis C. Zee, M.D. "The message is that you should get more bright light between 8 a.m. and noon." About 20 to 30 minutes of morning light is enough to affect BMI.

Zee is the Benjamin and Virginia T. Boshes Professor of Neurology and director of the Northwestern Medicine Sleep and Circadian Rhythms Research Program at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. She also is a neurologist at Northwestern Memorial Hospital.

"If a person doesn't get sufficient light at the appropriate time of day, it could de-synchronize your internal body clock, which is known to alter metabolism and can lead to weight gain," Zee said. The exact mechanism of how light affects body fat requires further research, she noted.

The study will be published April 2 in the journal PLOS ONE. Giovanni Santostasi, a research fellow in neurology at Feinberg, also is a co-lead author.

What's the Magic Number for Low BMI?

Many people do not get enough natural light in the morning, Zee said, because the American lifestyle is predominantly indoors. We also work in poorly lit environments, usually about 200 to 300 lux. In the study, 500 lux was "the magic number" or minimum threshold for having a lower BMI. Even on a cloudy day, outdoor light is more than 1,000 lux of brightness. It is difficult to achieve this light level with usual indoor lighting, the scientists noted.

Light May Be Next Frontier for Weight Loss

"Light is a modifiable factor with the potential to be used in weight management programs," Reid said. "Just like people are trying to get more sleep to help them lose weight, perhaps manipulating light is another way to lose weight."

Santostasi, a physicist by training, developed a new measure for the study that integrates the timing, duration and intensity of light exposure into a single number called mean light timing or MLiT.

He searched for a correlation between light exposure timing, duration or intensity in the study raw data, but none of those factors individually were associated with BMI. It was only when he began combining parameters, that he saw "the strong signal" when all three were examined together.

"I saw that what seemed to be most associated with body mass index was not just how much light you receive but when you get it and for how long," Santostasi said.

The study included 54 participants (26 males, 28 females), an average age of 30. They wore a wrist actigraphy monitor that measured their light exposure and sleep parameters for seven days in normal-living conditions. Their caloric intake was determined from seven days of food logs.

Befriend Your Body Clock -- Get Morning Light

The finding emphasizes the importance of "circadian health" in which exposure to light and dark is synchronized with your internal body clock. "We focus on how too much light at night is bad; it's also bad not to get enough light at the appropriate time during the day," Zee said.

As part of a healthy lifestyle, people should be encouraged to get more appropriate exposure to light. Workplaces and schools should have windows. Employees should be encouraged to go outside for lunch or breaks, and indoor lighting should be improved in the school and workplace "This is something we could institute early on in our schools to prevent obesity on a larger scale," Zee said.

While duration and timing of sleep was not linked to the results, "owl" chronotypes, who stay up later and sleep later, would be a population affected by later light exposure. But even "larks," those who wake early, would be affected by lack of early light if they stayed inside in the morning.

While the study wasn't designed to examine how light exposure affects body fat, previous research at Northwestern and elsewhere shows light plays a role in regulating metabolism, hunger and satiety.


Source: sciencedaily.com

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5 Reasons Your Weight Is Stuck

Stuck in a weight-loss rut? Turns out you're not alone. Those last 5-10 pounds are often the hardest to lose. MyFitnessPal – the largest digital health company with more than 50 million users -- surveyed its users to find out what's keeping them from reaching their ultimate goal. Turns out there's five primary reasons those last few pounds seems to stick around longer than the ones before.

Elle Penner, MyFitnessPal's registered dietician, came up with tips to combat each and every one of those pitfalls that's keeping the number on your scale from going down. Click through the next few pages to find out how to get out of the rut and back to losing weight.

Strong sweet tooth

54 percent of MyFitnessPal users say dessert is a major obstacle to weight loss. Penner said it's important to keep a tally of miniature treats. 3-4 "snack-size" treats and a handful of M&Ms can quickly add up to the fat and calories of full-size desserts. "Even if you don't have time to track every morsel of food you eat throughout the day, a little snacking insight can go a long way in preventing sneaky weight gain."

People hate veggies.

Nearly 1 in 10 people said not eating vegetables is the culprit. Try to get your fruit and veggie servings in early in the day, said Penner. "The oh-so-popular green smoothie is the perfect way to get in a serving of veggies before you even get to the office. Try adding low-fat yogurt, milk or nut butter. It will up the protein and help keep you satisfied and focused throughout the morning."

Carbs are the devil.

47 percent say love for bread and pasta keeps them off-track So, Penner said, consider taking a temporary weight loss vacation. Put it on the back burner for a week or so, just aim not to gain any weight, and come back with a fresh mind to reset your habits, she said. "When life gets really busy or stressful, avoiding additional weight gain is an achievement in itself," she said. " Set yourself up for success and pick back up on your weight loss efforts when you have the time and energy to dedicate to doing it healthfully."

Emotional eating.

Turns out more than half of us blame binges on mood swings. Penner said getting new workout gear could help. It sounds superficial, but nice workout gear really can make you feel better during a workout, and be an incentive to get you moving. "Rather than rewarding yourself with an indulgent meal when you hit a new health goal," she said, "invest in your next one by adding a new item to your workout wardrobe."


No me time.

More than 20 percent of users report they don't have the time to cook or exercise. Penner said to stock the pantry. "When they're on sale, stock up on canned beans and tomatoes, herbs and spices, nuts and whole grains like quinoa, rolled oats and whole wheat pasta. Having a stash of healthy pantry staples will save time and money." Instead of buying packaged convenience foods, filling your pantry with these healthy staples will give you a solid foundation for preparing more nutritious meals at home.

Source:  abcnews.go.com

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Average Obese Woman Gets 1 Hour of Exercise a Year

Obese men don't do much better, breaking a sweat only 3.6 hours annually, researchers say

A new study suggests that obese women get just one hour of vigorous exercise a year, while obese men don't do much better at fewer than four hours.

The findings startled the researchers, whose main focus was finding better ways to measure how much exercise people get.

"They're living their lives from one chair to another," said Edward Archer, a research fellow with the Nutrition Obesity Research Center at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. "We didn't realize we were that sedentary. There are some people who are vigorously active, but it's offset by the huge number of individuals who are inactive."

According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, more than one in three people in the United States is obese, a step above being overweight. Obesity boosts the risk of cardiovascular problems such as heart disease and stroke, diabetes and some cancers.

One expert did note that the definition of vigorous exercise was very limited in the study, and the researchers themselves acknowledged that the device used to track physical activity did not measure swimming or biking very well.

In the new study, researchers examined the results of a 2005-2006 government survey of adults aged 20 to 74. Among other things, the survey tracked the weight, diet and sleep patterns of nearly 2,600 adults.

Accelerometer devices were used to track their movements, providing insight into how much they exercised.

The study defined "vigorous" exercise as activities that burn fat like jogging and jumping rope, but not sexual activity. According to Archer, who was at the University of South Carolina when the study was conducted, sex isn't as much of a fat-burning activity as certain other kinds of exercise so it doesn't qualify as vigorous.

The researchers found that the average obese woman gets the equivalent of about one hour of exercise a year. For men, it's 3.6 hours a year.

"The data was there, but no one looked at it and parsed it the way we did," Archer said. In the big picture, "there is a great deal of variability; some are moving probably a fair amount. But the vast majority [of people] are not moving at all."

What kind of lives are the most inactive people living? "I think they're living the typical life. They drive their children to school, they sit at a desk all day long, they may play some video games and they go to sleep," Archer said.

John Jakicic, chair of the department of health and physical activity at the University of Pittsburgh, praised the study but cautioned that its definition of "vigorous" is limited and not based on a person's fitness level. For some very obese people, for instance, just general walking could be considered vigorous, he explained.

What to do?

As little as 30 minutes of exercise five days a week can stop weight gain and improve health, study author Archer said. "People don't understand that [you] don't have to go to the gym and lift weights and run marathons to have dramatic impacts on your body. Standing rather than sitting, walking rather than taking your car, they have huge impacts on your health over time."

Jakicic agreed that little changes can have a big difference. "Traditional exercise approaches are not the way to try to get obese people active -- the barriers are just too great," he said. "However, we showed a number of years ago that encouraging multiple brief periods -- five to 10 minutes two to three times per day -- was an effective way to get individuals active initially. Once they started to become more active in this way, they started to add even more activity."

The study appeared recently in the Mayo Clinic Proceedings.

Source: webmd.com

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Research shows fat mass in cells expands with disuse

Over 35 percent of American adults and 17 percent of American children are considered obese, according to the latest survey conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Associated with diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and even certain types of cancer, obesity places a major burden on the health care system and economy. It's usually treated through a combination of diet, nutrition, exercise, and other techniques.

To understand how obesity develops, Prof. Amit Gefen, Dr. Natan Shaked and Ms. Naama Shoham of Tel Aviv University's Department of Biomedical Engineering, together with Prof. Dafna Benayahu of TAU's Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, used state-of-the-art technology to analyze the accumulation of fat in the body at the cellular level. According to their findings, nutrition is not the only factor driving obesity. The mechanics of "cellular expansion" plays a primary role in fat production, they discovered.

By exposing the mechanics of fat production at a cellular level, the researchers offer insight into the development of obesity. And with a better understanding of the process, the team is now creating a platform to develop new therapies and technologies to prevent or even reverse fat gain. The research was published in the Biophysical Journal.

Getting to the bottom of obesity

"Two years ago, Dafna and I were awarded a grant from the Israel Science Foundation to investigate how mechanical forces increase the fat content within fat cells. We wanted to find out why a sedentary lifestyle results in obesity, other than making time to eat more hamburgers," said Prof. Gefen. "We found that fat cells exposed to sustained, chronic pressure - such as what happens to the buttocks when you're sitting down - experienced accelerated growth of lipid droplets, which are molecules that carry fats.

"Contrary to muscle and bone tissue, which get mechanically weaker with disuse, fat depots in fat cells expanded when they experienced sustained loading by as much as 50%. This was a substantial discovery."

The researchers discovered that, once it accumulated lipid droplets, the structure of a cell and its mechanics changed dramatically. Using a cutting-edge atomic force microscope and other microscopy technologies, they were able to observe the material composition of the transforming fat cell, which became stiffer as it expanded. This stiffness alters the environment of surrounding cells by physically deforming them, pushing them to change their own shape and composition.

"When they gain mass and change their composition, expanding cells deform neighboring cells, forcing them to differentiate and expand," said Prof. Gefen. "This proves that you're not just what you eat. You're also what you feel - and what you're feeling is the pressure of increased weight and the sustained loading in the tissues of the buttocks of the couch potato."

The more you know ...

"If we understand the etiology of getting fatter, of how cells in fat tissues synthesize nutritional components under a given mechanical loading environment, then we can think about different practical solutions to obesity," Prof. Gefen says. "If you can learn to control the mechanical environment of cells, you can then determine how to modulate the fat cells to produce less fat."

The team hopes that its observations can serve as a point of departure for further research into the changing cellular environment and different stimulations that lead to increased fat production.

Source: medicalnewstoday.com

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Green tea confirmed as a weight loss nutrient and heart health antioxidant

Green tea (and its less refined cousin, white tea) has been a part of the ancient Chinese tradition for countless generations, in large part due to its rich endowment of bioactive catechins. Many studies over the past decade have shown that green tea is a powerful tool to improve metabolism in a way that is supportive of weight loss.

Scientists publishing in the Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry demonstrate that it activates genes associated with fat burning while also helping to reduce absorption of fat from the digestive tract. Further evidence on the gene-altering activity of green tea is reported in the International Journal of Cardiology, as polyphenols from the drink lower free radical damage to help maintain telomere length in heart cells. Drinking several cups of green tea each day may hold the key to effective weight management and cardiac health.

Researchers from the Departments of Chemical Biology and Pharmacology and Toxicology at Rutgers University in New Jersey examined the effect of green tea supplementation on obese mice, known to exhibit similar metabolic characteristics to humans. The animals were broken into two groups and both were fed a traditional high fat/Western style diet. One group received water supplemented with the green tea bioactive catechin EGCG, while the second group acted as a non-supplemented control.

Green Tea Supplementation Assists Weight Loss by Reducing Abdominal Fat Stores
The study determined that EGCG supplementation significantly reduced body weight gain, associated with increased fecal lipids and decreased blood glucose levels, compared to those of the control group. Scientists further found that fatty liver incidence, associated liver damage and liver triglyceride levels were also decreased by the EGCG treatment. Treated animals also experienced improved insulin response as well as lowered C-reactive protein (CRP) and interlukin-6 (IL-6) levels, both strong indicators of systemic inflammation and immune response.

The study authors concluded "Our results demonstrate that the high fat/Western diet produces more severe symptoms of metabolic syndrome and that the EGCG treatment can alleviate these symptoms and body fat accumulation. The beneficial effects of EGCG are associated with decreased lipid absorption and reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines." Green tea helps our cellular engines (mitochondria) to better metabolize calories more efficiently, providing a significant weight management tool.

Additionally, supporting research documents the effect of green tea catechins on extending the lifespan of heart muscle cells. Scientists found that EGCG supplementation exerted a potent antioxidant effect that lowered free radical damage to preserve telomere length and reduce heart cell death. Nutrition experts recommend two to four cups of fresh brewed green tea daily or an organically compounded and standardized EGCG supplement (300 to 500 mg daily) to assist weight management goals and improve cardiovascular health.

Source: naturalnews.com

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Obesity: Not just what you eat

Over 35 percent of American adults and 17 percent of American children are considered obese, according to the latest survey conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Associated with diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and even certain types of cancer, obesity places a major burden on the health care system and economy. It's usually treated through a combination of diet, nutrition, exercise, and other techniques.

To understand how obesity develops, Prof. Amit Gefen, Dr. Natan Shaked and Ms. Naama Shoham of Tel Aviv University's Department of Biomedical Engineering, together with Prof. Dafna Benayahu of TAU's Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, used state-of-the-art technology to analyze the accumulation of fat in the body at the cellular level. According to their findings, nutrition is not the only factor driving obesity. The mechanics of "cellular expansion" plays a primary role in fat production, they discovered.

By exposing the mechanics of fat production at a cellular level, the researchers offer insight into the development of obesity. And with a better understanding of the process, the team is now creating a platform to develop new therapies and technologies to prevent or even reverse fat gain. The research was published this week in the Biophysical Journal.

Getting to the bottom of obesity

"Two years ago, Dafna and I were awarded a grant from the Israel Science Foundation to investigate how mechanical forces increase the fat content within fat cells. We wanted to find out why a sedentary lifestyle results in obesity, other than making time to eat more hamburgers," said Prof. Gefen. "We found that fat cells exposed to sustained, chronic pressure -- such as what happens to the buttocks when you're sitting down -- experienced accelerated growth of lipid droplets, which are molecules that carry fats.

"Contrary to muscle and bone tissue, which get mechanically weaker with disuse, fat depots in fat cells expanded when they experienced sustained loading by as much as 50%. This was a substantial discovery."

The researchers discovered that, once it accumulated lipid droplets, the structure of a cell and its mechanics changed dramatically. Using a cutting-edge atomic force microscope and other microscopy technologies, they were able to observe the material composition of the transforming fat cell, which became stiffer as it expanded. This stiffness alters the environment of surrounding cells by physically deforming them, pushing them to change their own shape and composition.

"When they gain mass and change their composition, expanding cells deform neighboring cells, forcing them to differentiate and expand," said Prof. Gefen. "This proves that you're not just what you eat. You're also what you feel -- and what you're feeling is the pressure of increased weight and the sustained loading in the tissues of the buttocks of the couch potato."

The more you know ...

"If we understand the etiology of getting fatter, of how cells in fat tissues synthesize nutritional components under a given mechanical loading environment, then we can think about different practical solutions to obesity," Prof. Gefen says. "If you can learn to control the mechanical environment of cells, you can then determine how to modulate the fat cells to produce less fat."

The team hopes that its observations can serve as a point of departure for further research into the changing cellular environment and different stimulations that lead to increased fat production.


Source: sciencedaily.com

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Scarsdale Diet Plan

Below is the basic Scarsdale Diet Plan.

How the Scarsdale program works:

Dieters follow the Scarsdale Medical Diet (SMD) strictly for two weeks, and during which fast weight loss is promised (7 - 15 pounds).

After the two weeks, you switch to Keep Trim Eating for two weeks, where you plan your own menus for two weeks, with a list of additional foods permitted, and higher calories.

After two weeks on Keep-Trim, you are back on the Scarsdale Medical Diet for another two weeks of strict low calorie eating, followed with another two weeks of Keep Trim. This cycle is repeated until your goal is reached.

The Original Scarsdale Medical Diet Plan

Scarsdale Diet Day One

Breakfast:

Coffee or tea with sugar substitute and a half of a grapefruit and a slice of protein bread

Lunch:

Assorted cold cuts with tomatoes (sliced, broiled or stewed) and coffee or tea

Dinner:

As much broiled fish or shellfish as you like along with a slice of protein bread, unlimited salad and a grapefruit
Scarsdale Diet Day Two

Breakfast:

Coffee or tea with sugar substitute and a half of a grapefruit and a slice of protein bread

Lunch:

As much fruit salad as you like with coffee or tea

Dinner:

As much lean, broiled hamburger as you like along with unlimited tomatoes, celery, cucumbers or brussels sprouts.
Scarsdale Diet Day Three

Breakfast:

Coffee or tea with sugar substitute and a half of a grapefruit and a slice of protein bread

Lunch:

As much tuna salad as you like with a grapefruit and coffee or tea

Dinner:

As much broiled lean pork as you like along with unlimited green salad and coffee or tea
Scarsdale Diet Day Four

Breakfast:

Coffee or tea with sugar substitute and a half of a grapefruit and a slice of protein bread

Lunch:

Two eggs any style, cottage cheese, string beans or tomatoes, and a slice of protein bread with coffee or tea

Dinner:

As much broiled, barbecued or roast chicken (with skin removed) as you like along with unlimited green beans, spinach or green peppers and coffee or tea.
Scarsdale Diet Day Five

Breakfast:

Coffee or tea with sugar substitute and a half of a grapefruit and a slice of protein bread

Lunch:

Assorted low fat cheese slices, unlimited amounts of spinach, and a slice of protein bread with coffee or tea

Dinner:

As much broiled fish or shellfish as you like along with unlimited salad, and a slice of protein bread with coffee or tea
Scarsdale Diet Day Six

Breakfast:

Coffee or tea with sugar substitute and a half of a grapefruit and a slice of protein bread

Lunch:

As much fruit salad as you like with coffee or tea

Dinner:

As much broiled or roast turkey or chicken as you like with unlimited salad of tomatoes and lettuce, and a grapefruit with coffee or tea
Scarsdale Diet Day Seven

Breakfast:

Coffee or tea with sugar substitute and a half of a grapefruit and a slice of protein bread

Lunch:

Cold or hot chicken or turkey, tomatoes, carrots, cooked cabbage, broccoli or cauliflower and a grapefruit or melon along with coffee or tea

Dinner:

Plenty of broiled (grilled) steak, all visible fat removed before eating along with a salad of lettuce, cucumbers, celery, tomatoes and Brussels sprouts with coffee or tea

Second Week of Scarsdale Medical Diet

Repeat all menus of the first week.

If after fourteen days, if you still need to lose weight, dieters switch to Keep-Trim Eating for two weeks, (before going back on the regular Scardale Medical Diet).

Scarsdale Medical Diet Basic Rules

1.Eat exactly what is assigned.

2. Don't drink any alcoholic beverages.

3. Between meals you eat only carrots and celery, but you may have as much as you wish. (You may snack on low sodium vegetable broth).

4. The only beverages allowed are regular or decaffeinated coffee, black; tea; club soda (with lemon, if desired); and diet sodas (and sugar free drinks) in all flavors (and water). You may drink as often as you wish (and as your body dictates).

5. Prepare all salads without oil, mayonnaise, or other rich dressings. Use only lemon and vinegar, or the vinaigrette or mustard dressing(see recipe link). Experiment with fat-free salad dressings during the Keep Trim weeks.

6. Eat vegetables (Avoid corn, peas, potatoes, lentils and any beans, except green or waxed.) without butter, margarine, or other fat; lemon may be used. (I can't believe its not butter can be used in moderation. Non-stick cooking spray may be used in moderation.)

7. All meat should be very lean; remove all visible fat before eating. Remove skin and fat from chicken and turkey before eating.

8. It is not necessary to eat everything listed, but don't substitute or add. Indicated combinations should be observed. The Scarsdale Diet calorie totals are between 850 and 1000 a day during the SMD and between 1000 and 1200 during Keep Trim.

9. Never overload your stomach. When you feel full, stop eating.

10. Don't stay on the Diet more than fourteen days.

Non-stick vegetable spray, cocktail sauce, herbs, seasonings, spices, grated onion, minced parsley, ketchup (sugar free & low carb okay), chili sauce & mustard are all permitted within moderation.

No PowerBars, Protein Bars, or Meal Replacement Bars or Shakes are permitted on the SMD or Keep Trim Program.

Artificial Sweeteners (Splenda, Equal, Sweet & Low, etc ) are permitted.

Scarsdale Medical Diet Portion Sizes

Where no portion is indicated, you can eat as much as you like. Eat until you are satisfied, not stuffed.

Estimate "Proper Portions" with these comparisons:

meat/poultry/fish portions - the size and thickness of your palm
1 oz hard cheese - length & width of your thumb
medium fruit - the size of your fist = 4-6oz.
.5 cup veggie or pasta - one cupped hand
1 cup raw spinach or tossed salad - two cupped hands

Scarsdale Medical Diet Substitute Lunch

4 oz. lowfat cottage cheese
1 T. low-fat sour cream
Sliced fruit, all you want
3 whole walnuts or pecans
Coffee/tea/no-sugar diet soda of any flavor


Protein Bread:

If protein bread is not available, you may substitute whole wheat bread (100% whole wheat or stone ground), or multi-grain high fiber bread.

Fruit Notes:

It is recommended that you always eat fruits that are fresh.
If fresh is unavailable to you, use frozen,
If frozen is unavailable, then canned - but only packed in their own juices and not syrup.

** Choice of Fruit for Breakfast Every Day:

Grapefruit may be replaced any day by any of the following fruits in season: 1/2 cup diced fresh pineapple or 1/2 mango or 1/2 papaya or 1/2 cantaloupe or a generous slice of honeydew, casaba or other available melon.


Vegetables not permitted on the Scarsdale Diet:
Avocados, corn, peas, potatoes, sweet potatoes/yams lentils and any beans (baked beans, lentils, dry white beans, red kidney beans, lima beans, chick peas, black-eyed peas, etc;) except green or waxed or soybeans (which are permitted in the Vegetarian diet)

After two weeks on the Scarsdale Diet, dieters switch to the "holding pattern" for the next 2 weeks - the Keep-Trim Program.


The Keep-Trim (KT) Diet follows the same principles as the 2 week SMD. It is low-fat, low carbohydrate, but not as specific.

Source: momswhothink.com

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Military Wife Drops 100+ Pounds to Surprise Husband

Misty and Larry Shaffer have been together since high school. She went to his senior prom; he went to her junior and senior proms. They got married in October 2008.

He never said anything about her being overweight.

When Larry, an Army specialist, was deployed to Afghanistan for a year in 2012, Misty decided she wanted to get in shape.

She weighed about 260 pounds when he left, and less than 155 pounds when he returned.

“I just sat in bed one night and was like, ‘I can do this,’” she said. “‘I need to do this.’”

Shaffer, now 25 and living in Leland, North Carolina, has struggled with her weight her whole life, even as a child.

Each time she had tried dieting in the past, she would relapse. Before she became pregnant with her daughter, Nevaeh, she took diet pills and lost 60 pounds. But all that — and more — came back after she stopped taking the pills. At her heaviest, she weighed around 300 pounds. She’s 5 feet 6 inches tall.

“I would eat when I was bored. I’d eat three huge meals a day, and then snack in between. Sad or happy, I’d turn to food for everything.”

Shaffer felt tired all the time. People picked on her. She wanted to surprise her husband, and work toward a better life for herself and her family.

Her primary mission: Cut out all the junk. She stopped drinking soda, and tried to limit her liquids to water and coffee.

The first three to four months were the hardest, she said. Once she got past that, she started craving more healthy foods and water. It got to the point where, if she drank a diet soda, it made her so thirsty that she didn’t even want it.

Shaffer’s job presented its own challenges; she’s a personal shopper at a supermarket. At lunch time, the hot fried chicken “just smells so good,” she said. But the supermarket also offers a large, well-kept salad bar, as well as warm vegetables on the hot bar and oven-baked chicken.

A typical breakfast for Shaffer is oatmeal with fruit or a cereal bar. On her days off, she’ll cook up sausage, eggs or pancakes, but she’ll watch her portion size. Around 10 a.m. she has a snack, such as fruit or carrots.

Lunch is a salad or half a sandwich with some kind of vegetable or fruit. An afternoon snack might be yogurt.

For dinner, she eats a lean meat (like ground turkey or a boneless, skinless chicken breast), a vegetable and a very small portion of starch.

The big day, Larry Shaffer’s return, was May 15, 2013. The soldier had never seen his wife weigh less than 220 pounds, even in high school.

When she saw him at the airport, Misty Shaffer didn’t know what to say or do. She just ran and jumped into his arms.

Her husband was speechless, uttering only one word: “Wow.”

It was the first time he had ever picked her up. Before, he hadn’t been able to lift her off the ground even a little, she said.

That moment was worth everything.

“A lot of people look at it like, ‘Why is that such a big deal?’” she said. “But (when) you never thought you’d see that moment, that somebody can pick you up … it is a big deal.”

The other big part of the surprise: She had bought a new house while he was away.

Since then, Shaffer has been able to keep the weight off.

When her husband left she was a size 22 to 24; now she can wear a women’s size 6. She’s especially loving how much money she saves on smaller clothes. Khakis, for example, used to cost $80, but she found a pair for her new physique for only $7.

She said her husband’s eating habits haven’t changed much; he likes her cooking, but he’ll help himself to ice cream or cake afterward. Sometimes she will join him. But she’s not too tempted to go back to her old ways of eating.

“I’ve seen how hard I worked, and what I had to go through to get to this point,” she said.

She’s still in disbelief when her husband picks her up.

Source: http://whnt.com

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Mum lost eight stone in a year after getting STUCK playing with child at soft play centre

Emma Kingston, 29, was scrambling through a climbing tunnel with 18-month-old son Freddie and had to scream for two staff members to haul her out

The humiliation of getting jammed in a children’s play pit and being heaved out shamed 18-stone mother Emma Kingston into ­slimming.

Emma, 29, was scrambling through a soft play climbing tunnel with 18-month-old son Freddie and had to scream for two staff members to haul her out.

She said: “We got to the rollers which normal-sized adults can fit through. I started and knew there was no way I could get through them.

“I suddenly got stuck. I was with my cousin and she had to carry on with Freddie while two members of staff helped get me out.

“It was so embarrassing having to go back the way I had come against all the people coming through the play centre.

“It was then that I signed up to Slimming World because something had to be done."

The mortified mum was a size 24. She had piled on the pounds after getting hooked on McDonald’s Big Macs and pizzas, washed down with litres of cola.

But the travel agent has slimmed down to a trim 10 stone in just 12 months, following the embarrassing incident at the Crazy Knights soft play centre in Oswestry, Shropshire.

Emma added: “I had been a size 18 since after I had left school and got a job, because I think when I left home I didn’t have mum’s cooking.

“I never had breakfast so I just got so hungry by lunch time and would gorge on food then.

“My fiance Mark is a chef so people think that was why I got so big but it was the junk food I’d eat.

“I got so big I couldn’t sit on the floor because it was so uncomfortable and worried I wouldn’t be able to get up on my own so I just couldn’t play with Freddie.”

“I had been a size 18 since after I left school and got a job. I never had breakfast, and so gorged at lunch.”

Emma, who lives with fiance Mark Jones, 33, in Shrewsbury, aims to drop below 10 stone before summer.

She added: “We go back to Crazy Knights now regularly and I don’t get out of breath like I used I can keep up with Freddie.

“Before it was exhausting but I didn’t know anything else.”

Source: mirror.co.uk

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The latest weight loss phenomenon.

Now the latest weight loss phenomenon.

It's a pill that can help you lose 20 pounds in a few months -- with no surgery.

But it's *not FDA approved in the US But it has Americans crossing the border to get it.
Science fiction this is not. Inside that tiny capsule what's called the world's first swallowable weight loss balloon.

Yes, you swallow- a balloon Here's how the company says it works: The vitamin-sized pill is attached to a thin tube. Down the hatch it goes, chased by a glass of water. With an x-ray, a doctor locates the capsule, then uses the tube to inflate it with gas. The tube gets pulled out and voila, there's a balloon floating in your stomach.

They say Dr I was hungry and I'm not hungry any more" Doctors insert up to three balloons for up to four months at a time until they're removed, with the patient sedated.

The goal: Feel fuller faster and eat less..the pill's maker claims the balloons helped shave off more than 20 pounds The catch- while the Obalon Balloon awaits FDA approval, for now, this procedure is only available in Europe and Mexico And just over San Diego's border is where Dr Arial Ortiz has *performed* more than one hundred of them. The candidates are overweight or obese, ESPY the overweigh category: 30,40, 50 lbs Obalon's maker told ABC News while "all medical devices and drugs have some risks".

The balloons are "designed and extensively tested" to not prematurely deflate or rupture. Experts say that could include damage to the intestines and stomach Stanford Dr "It's not a magic bullet, not a permanent fix. It's meant to be temporary." But this little tool comes with a massive price tag: An average of 4,000 a pop. Patients reported eating a striking 70-80 percent less food with the balloons!

Source: weartv.com

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Could living or working near fast food shops make you obese?

It may seem like an obvious association: exposure to fast food restaurants and likelihood of obesity. But researchers whose study revealed these findings say the link shows evidence of a "dose-response relationship" and could have implications in the wake of the increasingly worrisome public health issue that is obesity.

Publishing their work on bmj.com the researchers, from the University of Cambridge in the UK, say people exposed to fast food establishments around their home, at work or during their commute are much more likely to consume such foods.

In the UK, consumption of food outside the home has risen by 29% during the past 10 years, the researchers say. They add that this could be contributing to rising numbers of overweight and obese individuals.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, between 2007 and 2010, adults in the US consumed an average of 11.3% of their total daily calories from fast food, a known contributor to weight gain.

The researchers say that though policies have focused more on this topic in the recent past, identifying the link between exposure to unhealthy foods, diet and body weight has been a challenge.

To investigate further, the team examined how exposure to fast food outlets in both home and non-home environments was linked with eating such food, body mass index (BMI) and the chances of being overweight or obese.

By using data from a population-based cohort study, called the Fenland Study, the researchers were able to assess adults between the ages of 29 and 62 who lived in Cambridgeshire in 2011.

In total, 5,442 participants took part in the study, all of whom worked outside the home.
Group most exposed to fast food had higher BMI

Along with including food shops in home and work neighborhoods, the researchers say their study incorporated fast food shops along commuting routes, which were fashioned according to how individuals traveled.

There are several factors associated with obesity risk that the analysis included, such as age, sex, household income, education, car ownership, energy intake, smoking status and physical activity.

The team notes they objectively assessed physical activity through the Fenland Study by using heart rate sensors and accelerometers, which the participants wore.

Additionally, the researchers estimated daily intake of pizza, burgers, fried food and french fries as a marker of fast food after analyzing the food frequency questionnaires, and they calculated BMI from measured height and weight.

Overall, the study participants were exposed to 48% more fast food establishments at work, compared with at home, and the average total exposure level was 32 fast food shops.

After looking at exposure levels at work, home and during the commute, the researchers observed that more exposure resulted in higher fast food consumption. In the most exposed group of people, the average fast food consumption level was 5.7 g per day more than the least exposed group.

And when the team focused on BMI, they found that the group most exposed to fast food shops in all three environments combined had a BMI that was 1.21 greater than the group that was least exposed.

Overall, the most exposed group was twice as likely to be obese, compared with the group that was least exposed.
'Causal link cannot be confirmed'

Though their findings are significant, the researchers say this type of population study cannot confirm that there is a causal link between obesity and environment.

However, they say they found an "environmental contribution to the consumption of takeaway foods, and especially to BMI and the odds of being obese."

There were also some limitations to the study. For example, they used a 1-mile radius to represent home and work neighborhoods, but they add that neighborhood definitions vary from person to person or between work and home.

Additionally, they say fast foods can be bought from other types of shops - for example, cafeterias at work - and they did not control for these types of food sources.

Finally, the team notes that they did not know how long the participants had been exposed to the environments used in the study, so this adds a further limitation to the study.

Still, the researchers say their findings suggest that policies aimed at improving diets by limiting fast food availability would likely be most effective if centered around workplaces.

Source: medicalnewstoday.com

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Obesity rates in Canada have tripled in less than 3 decades

Obesity rates in Canada tripled between 1985 and 2011, from 6% to 18%, with significant increases in the very obese categories; it is projected that approximately 21% of Canadian adults will be obese by 2019, according to an article published in CMAJ Open.

Obesity, defined as a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or higher, has substantial adverse health risks such as high blood pressure, diabetes and cancer. As well, obesity has an associated annual cost in Canada estimated at between $4.6 and $7.1 billion.

Normal weight is classified as BMI 18.5-24.9, overweight as BMI 25.0-29.9, obesity class 1 as BMI 30.0-34.9, obesity class II as BMI 35.0-39.9 and obesity class III as BMI 40 or over.

"Although class I obesity appears to be increasing at a slower rate in Canada, the rate for the higher classes of obesity continue to increase disproportionately, a finding consistent with other studies," writes Dr. L.K. Twells, Associate professor, School of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland, with coauthors. "These results raise concern at a policy level, because people in these obesity classes are at a much higher risk of developing complex care needs."

Canadian researchers looked at national and provincial data from a number of Canadian health surveys conducted between 1985 and 2011 to determine historical, present and future trends, useful information for examining whether initiatives to reduce obesity have been successful. The analysis is based on self-reported heights and weights, which have been shown to underestimate BMI and therefore obesity rates. The current data are therefore most likely an underestimation of these rates although the trends are accurate.

The study shows some worrying trends. Although every province had increased obesity rates, some had greater increases than others. Obesity rates were lower in the west and higher in the eastern provinces, with Newfoundland and Labrador and New Brunswick having the highest rates.

In general, people over age 40 years were more likely than younger people to be overweight or obese.

Some national trends:

    Between 1985 and 2011, obesity rates increased 200% (from 6% to 18%).
    Specifically, obesity class 1 rates increased 157% (from 5% to 13%), obesity class II rates increased 350% (0.8% to 3.6%) and obese class III rates increased 433% (0.3% to 1.6%).
    Between 2000 and 2011, all provinces had increased rates in obesity classes I, II (except Saskatchewan) and III.
    Newfoundland and Labrador had the highest rates of class I obesity, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia had the highest rates of obese class II (5.7%), and New Brunswick had the highest rates of class III (2.8%).

By 2019:

    Twenty-one percent of Canadians are projected to be obese, although this percentage will vary by province, from 15.7% in British Columbia to 34.6% in Newfoundland and Labrador.
    There will be more overweight and obese than normal-weight adults living in Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Saskatchewan and Manitoba.

The authors suggest that although national, provincial and local initiatives exist to encourage healthy lifestyles and weight management, it is difficult to know which strategies are effective without a detailed analysis.

"One potential challenge to country-wide initiatives in Canada stems from the fact that although the publicly funded health system is governed by federal legislation, the Canada Health Act (CHA), the actual provision of health services comes under provincial and territorial jurisdiction," the authors write.

"An improved understanding of why such substantial interprovincial variations exist is necessary, including a focus on evaluating existing policies, programs and approaches to the prevention, management and treatment of obesity," conclude the authors.

Source: medicalnewstoday.com

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Mother's diet linked to premature birth: fruits, vegetables linked to reduced risk of preterm delivery

Several studies have proposed the benefit of a diet rich in fruit and/or vegetables in prevention of premature birth. Researchers say that ealth professionals "would therefore be well advised to reinforce the message that pregnant women eat a healthy diet."

Pregnant women who eat a "prudent" diet rich in vegetables, fruits, whole grains and who drink water have a significantly reduced risk of preterm delivery, suggests a study published on bmj.com today. A "traditional" dietary pattern of boiled potatoes, fish and cooked vegetables was also linked to a significantly lower risk.

Although these findings cannot establish causality, they support dietary advice to pregnant women to eat a balanced diet including vegetables, fruit, whole grains, and fish and to drink water.

Preterm delivery (before 37 weeks of pregnancy) is associated with significant short and long term ill-health and accounts for almost 75% of all newborn deaths.

Evidence shows that a mother's dietary habits can directly affect her unborn child, so researchers based in Sweden, Norway and Iceland set out to examine whether a link exists between maternal diet and preterm delivery.

Using data from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study, they analyzed preterm births among 66,000 women between 2002 and 2008.

To be included, participants had to be free of diabetes, have delivered a live single baby, and completed a validated food frequency questionnaire on dietary habits during the first four to five months of pregnancy.

Factors that may have affected the results (known as confounding), including a mother's age, history of preterm delivery and education were taken into account. Preterm delivery was defined as delivery between 22 and <37 weeks of pregnancy.

The researchers identified three distinct dietary patterns, interpreted as "prudent" (vegetables, fruits, oils, water as a beverage, whole grain cereals, poultry, fibre rich bread), "Western" (salty and sweet snacks, white bread, desserts, processed meat products), and "traditional" (potatoes, fish, gravy, cooked vegetables, low fat milk).

Among the 66,000 pregnant women, preterm delivery occurred in 3,505 (5.3%) cases.

After adjusting for several confounding factors, the team found that an overall "prudent" dietary pattern was associated with a significantly reduced risk of preterm delivery, especially among women having their first baby, as well as spontaneous and late preterm delivery.

They also found a significantly reduced risk of preterm delivery for the "traditional" dietary pattern. However, the "Western" dietary pattern was not independently associated with preterm delivery.

This indicates that increasing the intake of foods associated with a prudent dietary pattern is more important than totally excluding processed food, fast food, junk food, and snacks, say the authors.

They stress that a direct (causal) link cannot be drawn from the results, but say the findings suggest that "diet matters for the risk of preterm delivery, which may reassure medical practitioners that the current dietary recommendations are sound but also inspire them to pay more attention to dietary counselling."

These findings are important, as prevention of preterm delivery is of major importance in modern obstetrics. They also indicate that preterm delivery might actually be modified by maternal diet, they conclude.

In an accompanying editorial, Professor Lucilla Poston at King's College London, says healthy eating in pregnancy is always a good idea.

She points to several studies that have proposed the benefit of a diet rich in fruit and/or vegetables in prevention of premature birth, and says health professionals "would therefore be well advised to reinforce the message that pregnant women eat a healthy diet."

Source: sciencedaily.com

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Yet more evidence of the amazingly versatile power of probiotics: Probiotic microflora found effective in weight loss efforts.

Much has been made of the amazing power of probiotics in not only boosting the digestive and immune systems but in whole-body health. Now it appears that those symbiotic, friendly little bacteria have the ability to help us lose fat, particularly from the abdominal region. They do this by regulating the hormones in our bodies that send signals to our brain relating to being hungry or full, by destroying fat calorie absorption in the intestines, and by boosting our energy levels, giving us the motivation to power through a workout or just everyday activities that keep our metabolisms churning and burning fat.

Regulating hormones: How probiotic microflora normalize appetite
The hormones that control these "hungry" or "full" signals are called leptin and ghrelin. When the gut has the correct balance of microflora, these hormones function normally. But when our gut is devoid of "friendly" bacteria, specifically H. Pylori, the hormones don't function correctly and we can't regulate our appetites, and we are apt to overeat. Thus, probiotics can help us regulate our appetites, preventing obesity. Unfortunately, there are many things in our modern world that destroy our populations of microflora, such as antibiotics, pesticides, chlorine exposure, coffee, carbonated beverages, and food additives and preservatives, for example. Thus it is important to regularly supplement our diets with probiotic-rich foods such as yogurt, kiefer and sauerkraut (or probiotic flora-food supplements).

How the presence of microflora curbs abdominal weight gain
When our systems lack a healthy microfloral population, we digest all the food we eat and absorb all the calories. Certain microfloral bacteria (such as lactobacillus fermentum and lactobacillus amylovorus) interfere with the absorption of calories when present in the gut. This equates to some of the ingested calories being excreted from our systems, and less calories being converted into abdominal fat.

The way microflora accomplish this is by preventing the intestines from absorbing fat calories. During the digestive process, the liver comes into play by secreting soapy chemicals called bile salts which mix with fat to help digest it. The microflora bacteria eat up and destroy the bile salt, thereby interfering with absorption of fat.

Probiotics and their role in energy production: How our energy levels affect weight loss or gain
The presence of probiotics in our systems has a critical role to play in digestion and energy production. When our systems are devoid of "friendly" bacteria, our digestion is impaired significantly and our bodies must use extra energy to digest food, resulting in decreased energy levels. Decreased energy levels is connected to lower levels of motivation to exercise or engage in activities that would burn fat and help us lose weight. Thus it is critical to tune up our systems by regularly supplementing with a good source of probiotic microflora to maintain our bodies in tip-top fat-burning shape.

Source: naturalnews.com

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Obese schoolgirl loses SIX STONE to battle for Junior Olympics swimming gold

Breanna Bond shed the weight in just over a year and has now qualified for the Junior Olympic Games

A schoolgirl shed six stone to go from clinically obese to junior Olympic athlete.

Breanna Bond, 11, weighed 14 stone and her weight made her a target for bullies.

Just 14 months ago her mum Heidi decided it was time for Breanna, from California, to get fighting fit.

Now after a healthy diet and plenty of exercise, eight stone Breanna has her sights set on gold at the Junior Olympic Games.

Breanna wants to be a triathlete and cheerleader and has already qualified for the 500-yard freestyle swimming competition at the Junior Olympic Games.

She said: "I feel like I can move more in sports now and it's a lot easier for me in cheerleading and cross country. I can just go faster."

Breanna was just two years old when mum Heidi noticed her daughter was gaining weight faster than children her own age.

By the age of nine, she was so large she was being bullied at school.

Heidi said: "I thought maybe it could have been a thyroid issue, maybe some kind of genetic disorder.

In the end though Heidi realised good old Southern fried cooking was to blame.

She said: "We would make fried chicken, mashed potatoes and gravy, and chicken fried steak."

They have now launched a website dedicated to Breanna's weight-loss journey in a bid to inspire other children who are overweight.

Heidi explained: "It's an inspirational site to help encourage other children everywhere to get motivated, to exercise and to lose the weight."

Source: mirror.co.uk

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Curbing feline obesity by offering smaller more frequent meals

Just as with people, feline obesity is most often linked to excessive food intake or not enough physical activity. Attempts to cut back on calories alone often result in failed weight loss or weight regain in both people and their pets.

So how do you encourage your cat to get more exercise?

Researchers from the University of Illinois interested in finding a method to maintain healthy body weight in cats, looked at a previously suggested claim that increased meal frequency could help to increase overall physical activity.

The idea is to feed cats the appropriate amount of food needed to maintain a healthy body weight, but to offer it in more frequent, smaller meals throughout the day.

Animal sciences researcher Kelly Swanson and his lab at U of I determined that both increasing the frequency of meals fed per day, as well as offering meals that contained added dietary water - "neither method involved decreasing the overall amount of daily food intake - did promote more physical activity among the cats in the study.

"It all comes down to energy in and energy out. It's very simple on paper, but it's not that easy in real life, especially in a household where there is more than one pet. That can be difficult, but I think these two strategies are very practical ideas that people can use," Swanson said.

During the two-part study, the researchers evaluated the activity of the cats between meals using activity collar monitors. In the first experiment, the cats were divided among four rooms and were given dry kibble meals four times per day, two times per day, one time per day, and in the fourth room, were fed a random number of meals per day. The overall amount of food fed to each cat in each room per day was the same; feeding frequency varied.

In the second experiment, the cats were divided among two rooms and were fed twice per day with a 70 percent hydrated diet, using similar amounts of dry kibble used in the first experiment to maintain body weight. Water was added to the kibble an hour before each meal time, Swanson explained.

The cats were placed in their individual cages only during mealtimes so that the researchers could accurately monitor their food intake. During the activity monitoring times, the cats had limited interaction with people.

The researchers evaluated the cats' food anticipatory activity (FAA), which included the activity of each cat two hours before meals were given. During the dry kibble experiment, they noticed that the cats were much more active during those anticipatory times, especially those fed four meals per day and those given meals at random times.

"If they know they are going to get fed, that's when they are really active, if they can anticipate it," Swanson said.

The cats showed an even greater spike in physical activity in the second experiment when they were fed meals with the added water. However, Swanson said the biggest difference in peak activity times with this group occurred in the periods after they had eaten. He added that the researchers had not determined why this was, though factors such as increased use of the litter box, for example, could have come into play.

"I think veterinarians will be interested in this information because it gives them evidence to be able to recommend something to pet owners that could help with feline obesity and diabetes," Swanson said. "When cats are allowed to feed ad libitum, it's difficult to prevent obesity. It is important to identify the right diet. Many owners are accustomed to dumping a pile of food out for multiple cats, just once per day.

"The owner does have an active role in helping with weight management," he added.

Owners often overfeed their cats, assuming that the small amount of food needed isn't going to fill their cat or dog. "Because most pet foods are so digestible and nutrient dense, owners see that small bowl of food and think there's no way they can survive on that but they can," Swanson said.

The key is figuring out how much food is needed to maintain your cat's healthy body weight.

"It is tricky because labels on pet food provide ranges for how much should be fed. If you're feeding a cat, that food is supplied to thousands of cats with different metabolism. Some are spayed or neutered, and ages are different," Swanson explained.

Adding water to dry food, or using wet canned food, may provide a greater gut fill to pets. Swanson also said once the dry kibble absorbs the water, it does look like "more" to the owner, perhaps alleviating the fear that the pet is not eating enough.

He added that rotating between dry kibble meals and wet or canned food could also help in maintaining body weight. Recognizing that the lifestyle of pet owners may not allow for regulating multiple feedings per day, Swanson said if a pet owner could even go from offering only one meal per day to two, it could possibly promote more physical activity.

"With cats, one of the tricky things is that few people can walk their cats. We haven't done studies looking at what happens if you are just in the room with the cat more often and how active you can encourage your cat to be by playing with it. There could be other strategies. From a diet perspective, this is something that is relatively simple," he said.

Source: medicalnewstoday.com

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5 questions to ask before trying a new diet

Technically, it can simply mean a manner or style of eating, such a vegetarian diet or Mediterranean diet, but for most people, the 'D word' means a short term period of deprivation and downright misery, that will inevitably be abandoned. That's one of the reasons I didn't use the word diet in the title of my latest book S.A.S.S! Yourself Slim (the S.A.S.S! stands for Simple and Satisfying Solutions).

While it is a weight loss strategy, the book is really all about getting into balance; and in my experience, when you do just that, you'll lose weight as a side effect. Even better, if you stay in balance, you'll keep the weight off. That's why no matter what type of program you try, the real key to shedding pounds for good–which is what everyone really wants–is stick-with-it-ness.

If you can't realistically see yourself happily hanging in there six weeks or six months from the start, chances are you'll regain all or more of the weight you lose. Have you been down that road before? If so, avoid going there again, by asking yourself these five questions:

1. Is it one size fits all?
A lot of weight loss programs are designed for the average woman, who is 5'4" and based on a moderate activity level. If you're taller or shorter, less or more active, or you're a man, you shouldn't be following the same plan as a woman of average height who exercises for 30 minutes five days a week. If you can't or don't know how to modify an approach for your body's needs, it probably won't work for you.

2. Does the premise make sense?
When I meet with a new client, I ask them about every other diet or weight loss program they've tried in the past. As we talk through each one, I often hear things like, "I didn't really understand it, but I lost nine pounds." This is often because many diets have nothing to do with science, or how the human body optimally works, but because you ate less or ate differently, you lost weight. And while that may be one way to cut excess calories, it may not be the best way to build or maintain muscle mass and lose body fat, optimize energy, and best support your immune system and overall health. In other words, the 'whys' behind any approach really matter, and if they're flimsy or fishy, you may be seriously shortchanging yourself.

3. Is it safe and healthy?
There are a lot of ways to lose weight, but some of them result in weight loss at the expense of your health, and in my book, that's not OK. Over the years I've seen people do some pretty drastic things, from starvation diets, to jaw wiring, and risky diet pills–I've even had clients take up smoking because they heard that's how celebrities stay slim. Obviously smoking is unhealthy, but a diet or weight loss program that's too strict, severe, or imbalanced is also dangerous, because it can result in the loss of muscle and bone density, a weaker immune system, organ damage, fatigue, depression, and hair loss. A woman once asked me if it was normal for a diet to cause your gums to bleed, and the answer is definitely no (she was on a 500-calorie-a-day diet). A safe, healthy weight loss plan should never provide less nourishment than it takes to support your ideal weight. So if you weigh 150 and the healthy weight for your height is 125, only eating enough to support 100 pounds is going to leave you with a big nutrition shortfall–one that won't result in losing more body fat.

The reality is, the cells that comprise 'you' at your ideal weight need a steady supply of fuel to perform their jobs, and your body is also always repairing, maintaining, and regenerating itself. When the amount of raw materials needed to do all of this work doesn't show up, those jobs don't get done, and your body breaks down. Any plan that doesn't strike the right balance is going to leave you lacking, which isn't safe or healthy, physically or emotionally.

4. Can I dine out?
I communicate with many of my clients daily, and navigating going out to eat is always an issue that comes up. If you're following a plan that doesn't allow you to dine out, you only have two choices–don't go out, or go "off" the diet, a lose-lose scenario. I definitely encourage clients to look at menus ahead of time whenever possible, but any plan that has stick-with-it-ness should definitely include tools that allow you to eat at restaurants without feeling like you totally blew it.

5. Can I splurge?
I often ask clients to list which foods they can realistically kiss goodbye, and which they know in their guts they can't forego forever. It's an interesting exercise, because the can't-live-without food list usually ends up being fairly short, then we talk about savvy ways to enjoy these items. As a nutritionist, I'm never, ever going to say that a doughnut is healthy or recommend eating one, but I've been in private practice long enough to know that when people swear off foods they can't or aren't ready to give up, they either overeat other things in an attempt to get that fix, or they eventually give in and binge on the forbidden food. A much saner strategy is to create some balance, like having one doughnut with a skim latte and fresh fruit, rather than three doughnuts and a café mocha. This anti-black-and-white strategy may seem unconventional, but it makes so much more sense, because it allows you to satisfy an urge without feeling stuffed, sluggish, and remorseful.

Source: foxnews.com

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European study reinforces importance of eating breakfast for children's health

The message that 'breakfast is the most important meal of the day' is familiar to many of us. And now a European study of Cypriot children has revealed that choosing the right kind of breakfast each morning can have a direct impact on their weight and overall health.
The paper, published online in the International Journal of Food Science and Nutrition, investigates the significance of breakfast food choices in child health and the association between eating breakfast and Body Mass Index (BMI), which is an indicator of healthy weight.

The analysis is based on a sample of 1558 children aged between four and eight from Pafos and Strovolos in Cyprus, and examines the relationship between breakfast consumption with children's diet quality and cardio-metabolic risk factors. The research shows that amongst girls, those who eat breakfast on a daily basis tend to have lower mean BMI scores. They are also less likely to have high cholesterol and diastolic blood pressure, regardless of their parents' BMI and their own levels of physical activity. Furthermore, amongst both boys and girls who ate breakfast regularly, breakfast cereals were found to be the most nutritious choice, compared to other breakfast alternatives. Children who consumed pastry products for breakfast had the least favourable nutrient profile.

Paper author Stalo Papoutsou, Clinical Dietician & Nutritionist and Associate Investigator at the Research and Educational Institute of Child Health in Cyprus, is keen to stress the importance of delivering public health messages to encourage good breakfast habits in children. She said: "We want to encourage health professionals to promote the benefits of daily breakfast consumption, and educate parents and children to make the right breakfast choices in order to ensure higher consumption of micronutrients and fibres, whilst reducing intake of sugar and fat."
The recently published paper - titled "The combination of daily breakfast consumption and optimal breakfast choices in childhood is an important public health message" - draws on data from the EC-funded IDEFICS Study (2006 - 2012), which is now being followed-up by the EC-funded I.Family research project (2012 - 2017). I.Family is investigating the relationship between family behaviours and children's breakfast habits, and observing changes to these habits as children move into adolescence.

Source: medicalnewstoday.com

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Obese patients who feel judged by doctors less likely to shed pounds, study shows

Overweight and obese people who feel their physicians are judgmental of their size are more likely to try to shed pounds but are less likely to succeed, according to results of a study by Johns Hopkins researchers.

The findings, reported online last week in the journal Preventive Medicine, suggest that primary care doctors should lose the negative attitudes their patients can sense if the goal is to get patients with obesity to lose 10 percent or more of their body weight -- an amount typically large enough to reduce blood pressure, cholesterol and diabetes risk.

"Negative encounters can prompt a weight loss attempt, but our study shows they do not translate into success," says study leader Kimberly A. Gudzune, M.D., M.P.H., an assistant professor in the Division of General Internal Medicine at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. "Ideally, we need to talk about weight loss without making patients feel they are being judged. It's a fine line to walk, but if we can do it with sensitivity, a lot of patients would benefit."

The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force has recommended that health care providers counsel obese patients to lose weight, and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services now covers some behavioral counseling related to weight loss. But Gudzune and her team suspected the pervasiveness of negative provider attitudes and weight stigma may be limiting the effectiveness of advice from primary care providers for these patients.

To test that idea, the researchers conducted a national Internet-based survey of 600 adults with a body mass index of 25 or more who regularly see their primary care doctors. The participants were asked, "In the last 12 months, did you ever feel that this doctor judged you because of your weight?" Twenty one percent of participants said they believed they had been.

Further, 96 percent of those who felt judged did report attempting to lose weight in the previous year, compared to 84 percent who did not. But only 14 percent of those who felt judged and who also discussed weight loss with their doctor lost 10 percent or more of their body weight, while 20 percent who did not feel judged and also discussed shedding pounds lost a similar amount.

Having a weight loss conversation clearly helped people lose more weight, the study found. Only 9 percent of those who felt judged but did not discuss weight loss with their doctor lost more than 10 percent of their body weight, while 6 percent of those who neither felt judged nor discussed weight loss with their doctor did.

Overall, just two-thirds of participants reported that their doctors brought up weight loss.

"Many doctors avoid the conversation because they don't want to make anyone feel bad, worrying they'll create a rift with their patients if they even bring it up. But that is not in the patients' best interest in terms of their long-term health," Gudzune says.

Gudzune, whose own practice focuses on obesity, says that doctors may need to be taught how to talk about the topic in ways that make patients feel understood and supported.

She says it is also helpful to start with smaller weight loss steps, such as a 10 percent reduction in weight. A larger long-term goal of, say, losing 70 or 100 pounds can be a setup for frustration and failure when tackled all at once.

"We don't want to overwhelm them," she says. "If we are their advocates in this process -- and not their critics -- we can really help patients to be healthier through weight loss."

Source: sciencedaily.com

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5 Signs You're Taking Your Diet Too Far

When I first started out in private practice, clients came to me because something was wrong. Most of them struggled with their weight, or were newly diagnosed with a condition like high cholesterol or elevated blood pressure. Today, healthy, fit clients schedule appointments with me simply to pick my brain. Many describe themselves as health enthusiasts who want to learn all they can about optimal nutrition, the hottest superfoods, and latest trends. I love that nutrition is now considered exciting—even sexy.

But I sometimes see healthy eating and weight loss taken to extremes, which can actually worsen physical and emotional wellbeing and negatively impact quality of life. (Case in point: a recent study highlighted how obese teens trying to lose weight are in danger of developing eating disorders.) This topic is especially timely given the social media uproar following Tuesday's finale of The Biggest Loser, where winner Rachel Frederickson lost so much weight that Time.com reported she wouldn't be allowed to model in some countries based on her BMI, and in advance of National Eating Disorders Awareness Week from February 23 to March 1.

While this post is certainly not meant to diagnose anyone, here are five indications that your healthy efforts may have morphed into detrimental patterns.

You've become scale-obsessed

I actually believe it's perfectly okay—and for some people, even healthier—not to weigh themselves. But if you do, treat weighing in as a simple reality check to help you understand your body's patterns and to see if you're moving in the right direction. It's also important to put the numbers in proper perspective.

Weight fluctuations from day to day, and even hour to hour, are completely normal, because when you step on a scale, you're weighing not just muscle and body fat, but also: fluid, food inside your GI tract that hasn't been digested and absorbed; waste that hasn't been eliminated; and glycogen, the storage form of carbohydrate you carry in your liver and muscles. The latter three can shift considerably and quickly, whereas changes in muscle and fat tissue happen more slowly. Also, you can be retaining water or building muscle as you're losing body fat, which means the number on the scale might stay the same, even though you're getting leaner.

For all of these reasons, weight alone doesn't tell you much. Yet many people become fixated on the number and they feel angry or depressed if it doesn't go down, or if it's not declining fast enough.

If you find yourself weighing in more than once a day, or if your mood is seriously affected by the number, or if you undereat or overexercise because your weight hasn't decreased, your relationship with weight has likely become unhealthy. Consider letting go of the scale and focusing on how your body feels instead—and talking to a health professional about reasonable weight expectations.

You're secretive about your diet

When you're trying to eat healthfully and lose weight, there's no reason to tell everyone and their mom about your personal regime. But if you feel the need to avoid the subject because you're afraid you'll be judged for being too strict, you may be crossing into disordered territory. This is especially the case if your own gut instinct is telling you that you're overly restricting but you can't or don't want to stop.

In my experience, a big red flag is a willingness to stick to a restrictive plan despite unhealthy side effects like fatigue, moodiness and irritability, sleep disturbances, poor immunity, and constant hunger. Even if you are losing weight or you're eating ultra healthy foods, if you aren't keeping yourself nourished, I promise you're doing a lot more harm than good. Throughout my 15+ years working with clients, I've found that creating more balance (and often adding food to a plan) leads to much better results, not just for weight control, but also for emotional well-being and a healthy social life.

Your self-esteem is tied to your weight or eating habits

Even clients who know I'm not at all a food cop are sometimes afraid to tell me what they've eaten. It's typically because they're judging themselves: they've developed a pattern of feeling happy and empowered when they've been "good" and beating themselves up when they've been "bad." Unfortunately, these associations can stall your progress, because they don't allow you to examine why you get off track. And when you don't know why you're doing something, it's very difficult to change.

The truth is, you may slip up because your diet is too strict and your hunger hormones are raging. If that's the case, the fix lies in balancing out what you're eating, not berating yourself. Or, if you tend to eat due to stress or anxiety, addressing your emotions is the key to ending the cycle, not trying to have more willpower. So if you gained a pound or two this week, or your kale rotted in the crisper while you ordered takeout again, banish the harsh self-talk and criticism. Instead, take an objective look at your triggers, focus your energy there, and remind yourself that health is about progress, not perfection.

Most of your mental energy is spent thinking about your diet or weight

Some of my clients love food apps and other tools that help them record what they ate and track their weight. Others don't. But one thing's for certain: for some people, these tools can become an obsession. If you find yourself constantly thinking about what you've eaten (or what you're going to eat) and worrying about your weight to the point where you're distracted from other activities, your weight-loss goals may have eclipsed your healthy lifestyle goals.

In my years of counseling clients, I've seen this pattern lead to burnout and trigger a rebound right back to old, unhealthy patterns. Fortunately, you don't have to be preoccupied with your diet and weight in order to see results. Simply focusing on the basics—like eating at consistent times; eating balanced meals that include plenty of veggies, along with lean protein, healthy fat, and small portions of "good" carbs; and stopping when you're full—can allow you to see real and lasting results, while also having the time and energy for other parts of your life.

If you're afraid to let go of thinking about or recording your every effort, ask yourself if you can honestly envision continuing to do so six weeks or six months from now. If the thought makes you cringe, make an effort to create some balance. Letting go a bit doesn't have to mean sacrificing results.

Your diet distances you from your family and friends

I've had clients tell me that they stopped spending time with friends and avoided family functions because their devotion to their diet outweighed their desire to engage in social situations. Some of this is normal for anyone who's adopting healthy habits because the cultural norm is to overindulge. But if you find yourself becoming isolated and avoiding the people you care about, things may have gone too far.

If you're on a quest to eat healthfully and the people in your social circles aren't healthy eaters, there are ways to enjoy getting together that won't require you to eat junk food. For example: at a party, bring a healthy dish to share, to serve as your personal go-to; choose restaurants where you know you can get a healthy meal, and opt for non-food centered ways of spending time together, like going for a walk or a hike, rather than meeting for drinks or frozen yogurt.

If you feel like you're not getting the support you need and you want to have a heart-to-heart, check out my advice on how to deal with food pushers http://news.health.com/2013/12/24/holiday-eating-peer-pressure-6-diet-dos-and-donts/. But if you're finding yourself prioritizing your diet before your loved ones completely, consider talking to a health professional. To find a psychologist, visit the American Psychological Association. And to find a nutritionist, go to the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, click on Find a Registered Dietitian on the upper right corner, choose Expertise Area, and check Eating Disorders.

Cynthia Sass is a registered dietitian with master's degrees in both nutrition science and public health. Frequently seen on national TV, she's Health's contributing nutrition editor, and privately counsels clients in New York, Los Angeles, and long distance. Cynthia is currently the sports nutrition consultant to the New York Rangers NHL team and the Tampa Bay Rays MLB team, and is board certified as a specialist in sports dietetics. Her latest New York Times best seller is S.A.S.S! Yourself Slim: Conquer Cravings, Drop Pounds and Lose Inches.

Source: abcnews.go.com

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Health plans don't cover weight loss surgery

Like 78 million other Americans, MaryJane Harrison is obese.

And like many critically overweight Americans, Harrison cannot afford to have weight loss surgery because her health insurance doesn't cover it. The financial burden makes it nearly impossible for her to follow the advice of three physicians who have prescribed the stomach-shrinking procedure for Harrison, who is four-feet, 10 inches and weighs 265 pounds.

Harrison's health insurance plan, provided by UnitedHealth, excludes coverage of any surgical procedures for weight loss. As a result, she and her family are trying to raise $15,000 to pay for the surgery that she thinks will save her life.

"I am now 53 and I don't think I'm going to live to be 55," says Harrison, 53, who lives outside of San Antonio and has tried for years to lose weight through dieting and exercise. . "When you feel your health deteriorating this fast, you know it."

UnitedHealth said it can't legally comment on Harrison's health plan unless she signs a privacy waiver. But Harrison declined to sign one due to concerns about how the company might use the information.

Harrison's case underscores a surprising trend: While the number of obese Americans persists at record levels, the number of patients undergoing weight loss surgery hasn't budged in a decade.

Last year, about 160,000 U.S. patients underwent weight loss surgery — roughly the same number as in 2004. That's only about 1 percent of the estimated 18 million adults who qualify nationwide for the surgery, according to the American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery.

"If we were talking about breast cancer, no one would be content with having only one percent of that population treated," says Dr. John Morton, professor of surgery at Stanford University. "Yet if you look at the impact of obesity on life expectancy, it's by far one of the most dangerous conditions we have in public health."

Surgeons blame a combination of factors for the stagnating numbers, including the economic downturn and a social stigma against resorting to surgery to treat weight problems. But insurance coverage is the largest hurdle, they say.

Nearly two-thirds of health plans sponsored by employers don't cover weight loss surgery, which can cost between $15,000 and $25,000. Those that do often mandate that patients meet a number of requirements, including special diets and psychological evaluations, before they can get the procedure covered.

And early signs indicate many of the same challenges seen in the private market have carried over to the new, state-run insurance exchanges that are part of the health care overhaul: Only 24 states require insurers to cover weight loss surgery for patients. And when the procedure is covered, many plans require patients to pay up to 50 percent of the cost out of pocket.

Insurers have said for years that bariatric surgery should only be used as a last resort, hence the many preliminary requirements and evaluations.

"All major surgeries are risky. This one is life altering, and if there is an approach that's less invasive and less risky for the patient, you want to try that one first," says, Susan Pisano, a spokeswoman for America's Health Insurance Plans, an insurance industry trade group.

But the insurance hurdles are pushing up against new medical guidelines urging doctors to more aggressively address obesity, including referring patients for surgery. Guidelines issued in November by the American Heart Association, the American College of Cardiology and the Obesity Society call on doctors to calculate a patient's body mass index — an estimate of body fat based on weight and height — each year, and recommend surgery for those who face the most serious health problems.

More than a third of U.S. adults are obese — defined as someone with a BMI of 30 or higher — and that's been the case since the middle of the last decade. Weight loss surgery is recommended for those with a BMI of 40 or those with a BMI of 35 who have other risk factors for heart disease such as diabetes or high blood pressure. A 5-foot-9 person would be obese at 203 pounds.

The most popular procedure is gastric bypass, which involves stapling off a small pouch from the rest of the stomach and connecting it to the small intestine. Patients eat less because the pouch holds little food, and they absorb fewer calories because much of the intestine is bypassed. Another procedure called gastric banding places an inflatable ring over the top of the stomach to restrict how much food it can hold.

The latest long-term studies show that the typical patient loses about 30 percent of their excess weight with the bypass procedure and 17 percent with the band after three years. That compares with weight loss of just 2 to 8 percent with diet and lifestyle changes. Researchers estimate the initial costs of surgery are recouped within 2 to 9 years, as patients cut down on prescriptions, trips to the doctor and emergency hospital care.

On top of all that, two groundbreaking 2012 studies suggest bypass surgery can reverse and possibly cure diabetes.

But only 37 percent of health plans that are sponsored by employers cover weight loss surgery, according to benefits consulting firm Mercer. At large corporations, the coverage rate is higher at 58 percent, but most Americans work for smaller businesses.

The benefit is often hardest to find in states that have the highest levels of obesity, such as Mississippi and Arkansas, where less than 25 percent of employers cover weight loss surgery. Both states have obesity rates over 34 percent, the highest in the country.

When insurers cover weight-loss surgery, it often comes with a number of requirements. Patients must first pass a psychological evaluation, showing that their obesity is not due to an eating disorder or other mental problems that can contribute to weight gain. Most insurers then require six to 12 months of doctor-supervised dieting, in which patients keep a journal of their eating habits and visit their physicians for regular weigh-ins and check-ups.

Surgeons say many patients are unable to keep up with the appointments and never qualify for surgery — a fact which they say helps insurers control costs.

"Half of the people I see drop out because they can't commit to the time away from their jobs," says Dr. Carson Liu, a bariatric surgeon in Los Angeles. "Insurers know that 50 percent of patients will drop out."

America's Health Insurance Plans, the industry trade group, says companies are simply following federal guidelines that recommend surgery for "carefully selected patients" who have failed other methods.

But the National Institutes of Health guidelines insurers point to were issued in 1998, when weight loss surgery was still an emerging field with serious risks. At the time, about 1 in 100 patients died in surgery. The death rate today is 1 in 1,000, making it as safe as a hip replacement, according to surgeons.

Weight loss surgery is now nearly universally accepted in American medicine. Still, the approach is not an easy fix.

Patients must dramatically cut the amount and variety of food they consume, otherwise they will experience cramps, diarrhea and other unpleasant side effects. Additionally, about 20 percent of patients who get the gastric band regain nearly all of their weight within three years — a fact that has led to a decline in popularity for that procedure. Only a small percentage of bypass patients regain their weight.

Doctors who support weight-loss surgery warn that it's not a cost-effective solution for America's obesity epidemic in the long run. Dr. David Katz of Yale University's Prevention Research Center says a smarter approach lies in educating children and adolescents early on about healthy eating and exercise habits.

"We created the problem of severe obesity and we have to deal with it, but scalpels aren't the only solution," he says. "There is a better way."

But for Harrison, who takes 11 medications to control conditions related to her weight, surgery increasingly seems like her only hope.

"I spend every day worrying about how much time I have left. Everything hurts and my health issues get worse all the time," Harrison says.

Source: yahoo.com

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